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| Part | Topics Covered | Why It’s Useful | |------|----------------|-----------------| | | Mendelian genetics, Punnett squares, monohybrid & dihybrid crosses | Provides the foundation for all later topics. | | 2. Chromosome Theory | Chromosome structure, behavior during meiosis, linkage & mapping | Connects phenotype to genotype. | | 3. Molecular Genetics | DNA replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation | Bridges classical genetics with modern molecular biology. | | 4. Population Genetics | Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, genetic drift, selection, gene flow | Shows how genetics operates in natural populations. | | 5. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology | Recombinant DNA, PCR, cloning, CRISPR basics | Prepares you for contemporary research and applications. | | 6. Human Genetics & Genetic Disorders | Pedigree analysis, common Mendelian disorders, carrier testing | Direct relevance to medical and counseling fields. | | 7. Evolutionary Genetics | Molecular clocks, phylogenetics, speciation | Links genetics to evolutionary theory. |

DNA replication, gene expression (transcription/translation), regulation, and recombinant DNA technology. IV: Population Genetics