Kristeva took Bakhtin’s "dialogism" and synthesized it with the semiotics of Ferdinand de Saussure. While Bakhtin focused on the voices within a novel, Kristeva shifted the focus to the textual status of those voices. She moved the conversation from a sociology of the novel to a textual analysis. In her PDFs and translated works, you will see how she transposes Bakhtin’s ideas into a rigorous structural methodology. She effectively replaced the "subject" (the author) with the "text," arguing that the author is not a master of meaning, but a node through which texts pass.
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Before Kristeva, the study of literature was dominated by two approaches: (tracing influences from one author to another) and structuralism (treating a text as a closed, self-sufficient system). Kristeva shattered both. In her PDFs and translated works, you will
The Concept of Intertextuality in Julia Kristeva's Hypothesis Below is a legitimate guide to locating them
