Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals -

Simpler, lighter, higher power-to-weight ratio, no valvetrain. Cons: Lower fuel efficiency, higher pollution (oil mixed with fuel for lubrication), shorter lifespan. Used in chainsaws, mopeds, and outboard motors.

The ICE operates on a simple principle: controlled explosions push against moving parts. All reciprocating ICEs, regardless of fuel type (gasoline, diesel, natural gas), share a common set of components. The stationary structure is the , containing cylindrical passages called cylinders . Inside each cylinder, a piston slides back and forth in a reciprocating linear motion. This piston is connected via a connecting rod to a crankshaft , which converts the linear motion into rotational motion—the form of work most useful for turning wheels or driving generators. internal combustion engine fundamentals

However, they also have some disadvantages: The ICE operates on a simple principle: controlled