Mozi

If universal love sounds idealistic, his anti-fatalism is brutally pragmatic. noticed that the Confucian elite often relied on "Destiny" (Ming) to explain poverty or failure. He scoffed at this. He argued that belief in fatalism makes people lazy. If a farmer believes the harvest is predetermined, he won't plow. If a ruler believes the state is destined to fail, he won't govern.

He also studied lever principles, the reflection of sound, and the properties of circles and squares. For nearly 2,000 years, was the only Chinese philosopher who seemed to care about the "why" behind physical mechanics. If Mozi 's school had survived, China might have developed its own Industrial Revolution a millennium earlier. If universal love sounds idealistic, his anti-fatalism is

Mozi’s thought is organized around three standards of judgment: , evidence , and authority . He famously said: "In every case, one must establish standards." His key doctrines are often summarized under ten theses, of which three are most central: He argued that belief in fatalism makes people lazy