Essentials Of Modern Measurements And Final Elements In The Process Industry A Guide To Design Configuration Installation And Maintenance -

Even the most expensive instrument will fail if installed poorly. Impulse Lines:

Modern measurements no longer simply send a 4-20 mA current. They use (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) to overlay digital data (diagnostics, secondary variables) on the analog loop. Foundation Fieldbus and Profibus PA allow for fully digital communication, control-in-the-field, and vast amounts of diagnostic data. Even the most expensive instrument will fail if