Aisc 327-05 Seismic Design Manual.pdf

For Hollow Structural Sections (HSS), the (R_y) factor is different than for wide-flange shapes. Table I-6-1 in the manual clearly distinguishes these. Using a W-shape (R_y) (1.1) for an HSS (1.4) underestimates brace forces by 27%, resulting in a gusset plate that shears off during an earthquake.

In the West, independence often means living alone. In India, independence means standing together. The (where grandparents, parents, uncles, aunts, and cousins live under one roof) is still the gold standard in many homes. AISC 327-05 Seismic Design Manual.pdf