Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Fundamentals And Applications Pdf Updated Jun 2026

Using bacteriophages to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria—a return to early 20th-century concepts powered by modern genetic engineering.

| | How It Works | Example Drug | Disease | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Therapeutic Antibodies | Engineered Y-shaped proteins that mark pathogens for destruction. | Adalimumab (Humira) | Rheumatoid Arthritis | | Recombinant Proteins | Replacing missing or defective human proteins. | Insulin (Humalog) | Diabetes | | Gene Therapy | Delivering a functional copy of a gene using viral vectors (AAV). | Zolgensma | Spinal Muscular Atrophy | | Vaccines (Next-Gen) | Using mRNA or viral vectors instead of dead viruses. | Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 | COVID-19 / Cancer | | Cell Therapy | Harvesting, modifying, and re-infusing a patient’s own cells (CAR-T). | Kymriah | B-cell Leukemia | | Insulin (Humalog) | Diabetes | | Gene