But he did not wait for mercy. He rowed, he ran, he wrote, he ordered gunpowder blasts. He was afraid—his diary admits that again and again—but he never closed his eyes.

On the night of September 2nd, with the fire still miles away, Pepys buried his "Parmazan cheese" along with his wine and other valuables in a pit in his garden. He then rowed his wife, Elizabeth, to a safe house in Woolwich. But Pepys himself could not leave. He was too curious, too responsible, too Pepys .

At 4:00 a.m., Pepys climbed into a waterman’s boat and rowed up the Thames to Whitehall Palace. He burst into the presence of King Charles II and his brother, James, Duke of York. While other courtiers were still yawning, Pepys delivered a calm, precise report: the fire was spreading west, the Lord Mayor had failed, and if nothing was done, the entire city would burn.