One hidden benefit of Level 0 worksheets is . Since there is no "calculation" (2+3=5), the child is merely translating a visual image (beads) into a symbol (number). This is an easier cognitive load.
◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ◯ ◯ ● ◯ abacus worksheet level 0